Context: The First Red Scare was a massive domestic crackdown brought about by anarchist activity and the wave of mail bombings that targeted government officials in 1919. Even though the era is often associated with the Russian Revolution, the U.S. government’s most aggressive tactics were specifically aimed at the anarchist movement. They saw it as the primary threat to the country, leading to the Palmer Raids and the mass deportation of non-citizen radicals. The whole period was defined by an obsession with dismantling anarchist groups, making them the central target of the federal government's legal and police actions during that time.