My understanding is that Interpol doesn’t grant them direct access to the data. It just allows them to search other participating police agencies databases, a search that simply returns whether a hit was found, not the underlying data. If a hit is found they then have to request the relevant data from its custodian. I’m unaware if there’s some sort of legal process there as well, like they have to get a warrant from a judge or not, but I assume there is some form of paper trail.

What the US is asking for here would give them direct access to the databases. So there’d be no checks and balances on what data they receive and when, and it’d give them access to data on individuals not related to any crimes the US may be investigating.

[Edit: typo]