Carnivals of Baranja by Tomislav Marcijuš (2021–2025)
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This is a series by Croatian photographer documenting traditional carnival rituals in the Baranja region of eastern Croatia. The work centers on Fašnik, a centuries old winter carnival marked by masked processions, ritual noise, and communal gatherings. Central to these celebrations are the buše, costumed figures whose origins are rooted in regional folklore. According to local legend, the buše once drove Ottoman forces from the area through noise and clamor, while other accounts describe their role as symbolic agents meant to chase away winter. The carnival unfolds over several days, culminating in a village parade, street fires, and the burning of a large knitted effigy, a ritual act associated with seasonal renewal and communal catharsis.
The series also documents Pokladno jahanje, or carnival riding, a tradition that emerged during the period of the Military Frontier. Held annually on Shrove Thursday before Ash Wednesday, the event features horse riders dressed in historical attire, moving through villages in Slavonia, Baranja, and Srijem. Historically tied to the agrarian and defensive life of the region, carnival riding serves as both a ceremonial display and an act of preservation, reaffirming the cultural importance of horsemanship in local identity.